DESCRIPTIVE OSTEOLOGY OF THE PELVIC LIMB OF BOVINE

Abstract

The pelvic limb of cattle performs essential functions for locomotion, weight support, and animal stability. Composed of robust and articulated bones, this limb is fundamental to the daily life of cattle, especially in activities such as grazing and moving over varied terrains. The main bones of the pelvic limb include the femur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsals, phalanges, and sesamoids, including the largest one, the patella. The femur, the largest bone in the limb, connects to the hip and is crucial for force transmission during walking and running. The tibia and fibula, located in the leg, support the body’s weight and allow for the flexion and extension of the knee joint. The tarsus, composed of several smaller bones, forms the ankle and facilitates foot mobility. The metatarsals and phalanges constitute the distal part of the limb, providing support and stability while walking. Studying the osteology of the pelvic limb is important for understanding the biomechanics and health of cattle. Knowing the bone structure helps veterinarians diagnose and treat injuries, as well as improve animal management and welfare practices. It is important to highlight that these detailed anatomical information are generally found in specialized books, not in scientific articles. Therefore, this article aims to describe the osteology of the pelvic limb of cattle, offering an accessible and practical reference for professionals and students in the field.