DESCRIPTIVE OSTEOLOGY OF THE THORACIC LIMB OF EQUINES

Abstract

The thoracic limb of equines plays vital roles that are fundamental for the locomotion, support, and athletic performance of these animals. Composed of various bones, each bony structure has a specific and crucial role. The scapula, for instance, connects the limb to the trunk and serves as an insertion point for muscles that facilitate movement. The humerus, being the long bone of the arm, is essential for the strength and mobility of the limb. The radius and ulna form the forearm, allowing the flexion and extension movements necessary for walking, trotting, and galloping. The carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges, and sesamoids make up the structure of the wrist and fingers, essential for stability and weight distribution during locomotion. Studying the osteology of the thoracic limb of equines is of utmost importance, as osteological problems such as fractures, osteoarthritis, or deformities can compromise locomotion, cause pain, and reduce the animal’s performance capacity. The health and integrity of the bones are fundamental for the well-being and productivity of equines, especially in sports and work activities. Although this anatomical information is widely found in books, there is a scarcity of scientific articles that address the osteology of equines in a detailed and descriptive manner. Therefore, this article aims to describe the osteology of the thoracic limb of equines, providing a more accessible and detailed reference for professionals in the field, contributing to a better understanding and management of these animals’ health.