DESCRIPTIVE OSTEOLOGY OF THE BOVINE SKULL

Abstract

The bovine skull performs vital functions, protecting the brain and sensory organs, as well as providing structure and support for the head. Composed of various bones, such as the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, maxillary, and mandibular bones, each has a specific role. The frontal bone, for instance, forms the forehead and part of the orbital cavities, while the occipital bone protects the posterior part of the brain and articulates with the vertebral column. The mandible, essential for mastication, is one of the most robust bones, supporting the molar and premolar teeth, which are fundamental for grinding fibrous foods. The nasal and maxillary bones form the structure of the snout and house the incisor teeth, important for grasping food. Studying the osteology of the bovine skull is crucial for understanding the functional anatomy and health of the animals. Detailed knowledge of the bone structure aids veterinarians and animal scientists in identifying anomalies, fractures, and bone diseases, as well as being fundamental for surgical procedures and imaging diagnostics. These detailed anatomical informations are generally found in specialized books, not in scientific articles. Therefore, this article aims to describe the osteology of the bovine skull, providing an accessible and practical reference for students and professionals in the field. A deep understanding of bovine cranial anatomy is essential to ensure the well-being and productivity of the animals, directly reflecting the efficiency of agricultural practices.