SOCIOLOGICAL ISSUES AND PUBLIC SECURITY IN CONTEMPORARY BRAZIL: CHALLENGES AND ALTERNATIVES

Abstract

This article analyzes the intersections between sociological issues and public security in contemporary Brazil, highlighting structural challenges and potential alternatives to address urban violence. Through a bibliographic review, the study explores factors such as structural racism, gender inequalities, and repressive practices within the public security system. The research revealed that racial profiling and gender-based violence are recurring manifestations of exclusion dynamics, placing vulnerable populations in greater insecurity. Additionally, alternative policies such as conflict mediation, community policing, and restorative justice were analyzed as more inclusive and effective approaches. The results indicate that traditional repressive policies perpetuate cycles of exclusion and violence, whereas alternatives focusing on prevention and social inclusion have the potential to transform the public security system. However, institutional barriers such as fragmentation and resource scarcity hinder the implementation of these strategies in Brazil. The conclusion emphasizes the need to integrate sociological perspectives into public policy planning, recognizing the intersections between race, gender, and class. The study contributes to academic and social debate by proposing solutions based on the promotion of social justice and the construction of a public security model that prioritizes prevention and inclusion. Future research should deepen the analysis of successful experiences, adapting strategies to local specificities.