SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION: INEQUALITIES AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN MODERN SOCIETY

Abstract

This work aims to analyze the social transformations occurring in modern society, with an emphasis on social inequalities and the role of social movements in the context of globalization. Initially, it addresses the formation of modern society through the theories of Karl Marx, Max Weber, and Émile Durkheim, understanding the historical processes that led to the constitution of complex societies. Next, it explores the concept of social stratification and the different forms of inequality that permeate social organization, grounded in Pierre Bourdieu’s contributions on social and cultural capital. The research also investigates the emergence of social movements as a response to oppression and inequalities, analyzing their dynamics and impacts in light of the theories of Charles Tilly and Alain Touraine. Finally, it discusses the phenomenon of globalization and its effects on contemporary social relations, considering the ideas of Anthony Giddens and Ulrich Beck on global interconnectedness and its impacts on identities, cultures, and economies. The methodology adopted is qualitative in nature, based on a critical literature review, aiming to correlate theoretical concepts with current social phenomena. The results point to the need to understand the complexity of social dynamics in the global era and recognize the importance of social movements in promoting change and combating persistent inequalities. It is concluded that sociology plays a fundamental role in the analysis and understanding of contemporary social phenomena, contributing to the construction of a more just and equitable society.