THE ROLE OF NUTRITION IN THE PREVENTION OF CHRONIC DISEASES

Abstract

Introduction: Nutrition is recognized as an essential factor in the prevention of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This study addresses the benefits of healthy dietary patterns, such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets, and the barriers to adherence to these practices, including inequalities in access to nutritious foods and the high prevalence of diets rich in ultra-processed foods. Material and Methods: A literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted, and the selected articles analyzed dietary patterns, nutritional strategies, and their relationships with the prevention of chronic diseases. Results and Discussion: The review highlighted the effectiveness of balanced diets in reducing metabolic risk factors. However, structural challenges, such as the high cost of healthy foods and gaps in public policies, limit their implementation. Personalized interventions and nutritional education throughout the life cycle emerged as promising approaches. Intersectoral collaboration was deemed essential to creating healthier food environments. Conclusions: Nutrition transcends the field of health, representing a social and political commitment. Public policies, nutritional education, and integrated interventions are indispensable to addressing the global challenges of chronic diseases and transforming dietary patterns into a sustainable health promotion strategy.